Obesity Is A Global Problem - 1150 Words

Obesity is a global problem. The results from population-based studies pooled across countries show an increase in the mean Body Mass Index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity between 1975 and 2014, with a higher increase in women (21.7kg/m2 to 24.2kg/m2 for men and 22.1kg/m2 to 24.4kg/m2 for women). Within the same period, there was also a corresponding increase in life expectancy (59 to 71 years). In the general sense, the increase in BMI and prevalence of obesity should correspond to a decrease in life expectancy. However, the global data shows the reverse, thereby creating the paradox that the world is getting fatter and healthier. The global increase in BMI and obesity varies drastically across countries; more so, the variance is large among several demographic subgroups. For example, low and middle-income countries have higher prevalence of individuals with low BMIs, which has been associated with economic inequalities. The determination of optimum BMI level in studies that associa te BMI with mortality is a controversial issue. Some studies have associated high BMI with reduced mortality. However, these studies use only BMI, which does not account for confounding effects. Whereas, the use of BMI markers considers optimum levels to be low-normal. Pharmacological interventions are being implemented globally as result of adverse metabolic and physiological effects associated with elevated BMI levels. However, these do not address some of the health effects and economicShow MoreRelatedObesity Is A Global Problem2335 Words   |  10 Pagesthe country with the highest rate of obesity in the world. Obesity is a global problem and has become a crucial epidemic, affecting an estimated ten percent children across the world with a significant likelihood of having multiple risk factors and a variety of other co-morbidities before or during early adulthood (Lobstein, 2004). The world especially America is clearly in crisis due to the continuously rise of obesity in an alarming rate. Obesity is a global prevalence, there are physical, psychologicalRead MoreObesity : A Global Problem3403 Words   |  14 Pages2005. At least 20 million children under the age of 5 years are overweight. Obesity of children in the United States has recently skyrocketed in the last decade. Obesity and weight gain have become a global problem, according to the World Health Organization. Encouraging children to maintain a healthy diet and fitness routine will help prevent obesity now and later on in life (Department of Health). The definition of obesity is having an excessive amount of body fat, according to MayoClinic.com andRead MoreObesity Is A Global Problem. Obesity Is Becoming Common,1174 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is a global problem. Obesity is becoming common, costly, and deadly. Nearly 70% of Americans are overweight or obese. Kansas is the 13th most overweight state in the country. â€Å"More than a third of adult residents designated as obese† (Dunn, 2015). The obesity rate in the 45 states that the research was conducted in did not change, but the rate in Kansas raised. â€Å"The Kansas obesity rate has risen every year since the government started collecting data in 1995; back then the obesity rate satRead MoreThe Problem Of The Global Obesity Epidemic Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of weight is at the forefront of the majority of society’s mind when approached with the abstract idea of what it means to be â€Å"healthy†. It is often viewed as an indicator to determine which people are of good health, and which are not. With obesity rates increasing over the past decade, much fascination surrounds the topic due to the fact that it is believed to be one of the few aspects of health that society may control themselves. While people may not be able to completely control whetherRead MoreObesity : A Growing Global Health Problem1593 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is obesity? It is when someone is so overweight that is a threat to their own health. Today obesity is a growing global health problem among children, teenagers and adults. This is due to over-eating especially when the person is over — eating unhealthy foods and a lack of enough exercise throughout the day. Obesity, is when someone is so overweight that is a threat to their own health. Today obesity is a growing global health problem among children, teenagers and adults. This is due to over-eatingRead MoreObesity Is A Growing Global Health Problem1473 Words   |  6 Pages In America the obesity rates has become a debatable topic. Obesity is a growing global health problem. Obesity is typically results from over-eating and not enough exercise. â€Å"In our modern world with increasingly cheap, high calorie food such as fast food or junk food, natural foods that are high in things like salt, sugars or fat, it is no wonder that obesity has rapidly increased in the last few decades, around the world† (Shah, 2010). Obesity rates have reached a constant level in January 2010Read MoreGlobal Obesity Is Becoming An Alarming Problem Within The 21st Century1891 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction The rising global obesity is becoming an alarming problem within the 21st century. Adult obesity has increased 10% over the past twenty years with 62% of the English population deemed to be over weight (HSCIC, 2015). In the same report, HSCIC stated hospital admissions with a primary diagnosis of obesity were 5 times higher today than over the previous 10 years displaying the impact the prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities is having, putting growing pressure on theRead MoreObesity : A Major Public Health And Economic Problem Of Global Significance Essay1881 Words   |  8 Pages]Introduction Obesity is a major public health and economic problem of global significance that affects the quality of life, increases the risk of illness, and raises health-care costs. It is a chronic inflammatory state with resultant effects on immune, metabolic, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and renal function period. Obesity- related comorbidities include type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and sleep apnea. Obese individuals also experience emotionalRead MoreObesity : The Current State Of Obesity1518 Words   |  7 Pagesstate of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would h elp to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesity rates inRead MoreObesity Is A Threat For Global Health1724 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Obesity is a major disease which has become a global problem, there are more than 250 million people have body mass index more 30. Obesity is being major concern of the people as it leads to stroke and heart attack. This figure is being spread worldwide thus this has become of the major concerned for world health. The prevalence of the concerned disease is high in number around the world. This disease has become concern of both developing and developed countries which has raised the

Malleus Maleficarum, the Medieval Witch Hunter Book

The Malleus Maleficarum, a Latin book written in 1486 and 1487, is also known as The Hammer of Witches. This is a translation of the title. Authorship of the book is credited to two German Dominican monks, Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger. The two were also theology professors. Sprengers role in writing the book is now thought by some scholars to have been largely symbolic rather than active. The Malleus Maleficarum was not the only document about witchcraft written in the medieval period, but it was the best-known of the time. Because it came so soon after Gutenbergs printing revolution, it was more widely distributed than previous hand-copied manuals. The Malleus Maleficarum came at a peak point in European witchcraft accusations and executions. It was a foundation for treating witchcraft not as a superstition, but as a dangerous and heretical practice of associating with the Devil — and therefore, a great danger to society and to the church. The Witches Hammer During the 9th through 13th centuries, the church had established and enforced penalties for witchcraft. Originally, these were based on the churchs assertion that witchcraft was a superstition. Thus, belief in witchcraft was not in accord with the churchs theology. This associated witchcraft with heresy. The Roman Inquisition was established in the 13th century to find and punish heretics, seen as undermining the churchs official theology and therefore a threat to the very foundations of the church. At about that same time, secular law became involved in prosecutions for witchcraft. The Inquisition helped to codify both church and secular laws on the subject and began to determine which authority, secular or church, had responsibility for which offenses. Prosecutions for witchcraft, or Maleficarum, were prosecuted primarily under secular laws in Germany and France in the 13th century, and in Italy in the 14th. Papal Support In about 1481, Pope Innocent VIII heard from the two German monks. The communication described cases of witchcraft theyd encountered and complained that church authorities were not sufficiently cooperative with their investigations. Several popes before Innocent VIII, notably John XXII and Eugenius IV, had written or taken action on witches. Those popes were concerned with heresies and other beliefs and activities contrary to church teachings that were thought to undermine those teachings. After Innocent VIII received the communication from the German monks, he issued a papal bull in 1484 that gave full authority to the two inquisitors, threatening with excommunication or other sanctions any who molested or hindered in any manner their work. This bull, called Summus desiderantes affectibus (desiring with supreme ardor) from its opening words, put the pursuit of witches clearly in the neighborhood of pursuing heresy and promoting the Catholic faith. This threw the weight of the whole church behind the witch hunts. It also strongly argued that witchcraft was heresy not because it was a superstition, but because it represented a different kind of heresy. Those practicing witchcraft, the book argued, made agreements with the Devil and cast harmful spells. New Handbook for Witch Hunters Three years after the papal bull was issued, the two inquisitors, Kramer and possibly Sprenger, produced a new handbook for inquisitors on the subject of witches. Their title was Malleus Maleficarum. The word Maleficarum means harmful magic, or witchcraft, and this manual was to be used to hammer out such practices. The Malleus Maleficarum documented beliefs about witches and then enumerated ways to identify witches, convict them of the charge of witchcraft, and execute them for the crime. The book was divided into three sections. The first was to answer skeptics who thought that witchcraft was just a superstition, a view shared by some previous popes. This part of the book attempted to prove that the practice of witchcraft was real and that those practicing witchcraft really did make agreements with the Devil and cause harm to others. Beyond that, the section asserts that not believing in witchcraft is itself heresy. The second section sought to prove that real harm was caused by Maleficarum. The third section was a manual for the procedures to investigate, arrest, and punish witches. Women and Midwives The manual charges that witchcraft was mostly found among women. The manual bases this on  the idea that both good and evil in women tend to be extreme. After providing many stories of womens vanity, tendency toward lying, and weak intellect, the inquisitors also allege that a womans lust is at the basis of all witchcraft, thus making witch accusations also sexual accusations. Midwives are especially singled out as wicked for their supposed ability to prevent conception or terminate a pregnancy by deliberate miscarriage. They also claim midwives tend to eat infants, or, with live births, offer children to devils. The manual asserts that witches make a formal pact with the Devil, and copulate with incubi, a form of devils who have the appearance of life through aerial bodies. It also asserts that witches can possess another persons body. Another assertion is that witches and devils can make male sexual organs disappear. Many of their sources of evidence for the weakness or wickedness of wives are, with unintentional irony, pagan writers like Socrates, Cicero, and Homer. They also drew heavily on writings of Jerome, Augustine, and Thomas of Aquinas. Procedures for Trials and Executions The third part of the book deals with the goal of exterminating witches through trial and execution. The detailed guidance given was designed to separate false accusations from truthful ones, always assuming that witchcraft and harmful magic really existed, rather than being a superstition. It also assumed that such witchcraft did real harm to individuals and undermined the church as a kind of heresy. One concern was about witnesses. Who could be witnesses in a witchcraft case? Among those who could not be witnesses were quarrelsome women, presumably to avoid charges from those known to pick fights with neighbors and family. Should the accused be informed of who had testified against them? The answer was no if there was a danger to the witnesses, but that the identity of witnesses should be known to the prosecuting lawyers and the judges. Was the accused to have an advocate? An advocate could be appointed for the accused, though witness names could be withheld from the advocate. It was the judge, not the accused, who selected the advocate. The advocate was charged with being both truthful and logical. Examinations and Signs Detailed directions were given for examinations. One aspect was a physical examination, looking for any instrument of witchcraft, which included marks on the body. It was assumed most of the accused would be women, for the reasons given in the first section. The women were to be stripped in their cells by other women, and examined for any instrument of witchcraft. Hair was to be shaved from their bodies so that devils marks could be seen more easily. How much hair was shaved varied. These instruments could include both physical objects concealed, and also bodily marks. Beyond such instruments, there were other signs by which, the manual claimed, a witch could be identified. For example, being unable to weep under torture or when before a judge was a sign of being a witch. There were references to the inability to drown or burn a witch who still had any objects of witchcraft concealed or who were under the protection of other witches. Thus, tests were justified to see if a woman could be drowned or burned. If she could be drowned or burned, she might be innocent. If she could not be, she was probably guilty. If she did drown or was successfully burned, while that might be a sign of her innocence, she was not alive to enjoy the exoneration. Confessing Witchcraft Confessions were central to the process of investigating and trying suspected witches, and made a difference in the outcome for the accused. A witch could only be executed by the church authorities if she herself confessed, but she could be questioned and even tortured with the aim of getting a confession. A witch who confessed quickly was said to have been abandoned by the Devil, and those who kept a stubborn silence had the Devils protection. They were said to be more tightly bound to the Devil. Torture was seen as, essentially, an exorcism. It was to be frequent and often, to proceed from gentle to harsh. If the accused witch confessed under torture, however, she must also confess later while not being tortured for the confession to be valid. If the accused continued to deny being a witch, even with torture, the church could not execute her. However, they could turn her over after a year or so to secular authorities — who often had no such limitations. After confessing, if the accused then also renounced all heresy, the church could permit the penitent heretic to avoid a death sentence. Implicating Others The prosecutors had permission to promise an unconfessed witch her life if she provided evidence of other witches. This would produce more cases to investigate. Those she implicated would then be subject to investigation and trial, on the assumption that the evidence against them might have been a lie. But the prosecutor, in giving such a promise of her life, explicitly did not have to tell her the whole truth: that she could not be executed without a confession. The prosecution also did not have to tell her that she could be imprisoned for life on bread and water after implicating others, even if she did not confess — or that secular law, in some locales, could still execute her. Other Advice and Guidance The manual included specific advice to judges on how to protect themselves from the spells of witches, under the obvious assumption that they would worry about becoming targets if they prosecuted witches. Specific language was given to be used by the judges in a trial. To ensure that others cooperated in investigations and prosecutions, penalties and remedies were listed for those who directly or indirectly obstructed an investigation. These penalties for the uncooperative included excommunication. If the lack of cooperation was persistent, those who obstructed an investigation faced condemnation as heretics themselves. If those obstructing the witch hunts did not repent, they could be turned over to secular courts for punishment. After Publication There had been such handbooks before, but none with the scope or with such papal backing as this one. While the supporting papal bull was limited to southern Germany and Switzerland, in 1501 Pope Alexander VI issued a new papal bull. The cum acceperimus authorized an inquisitor in Lombardy to pursue witches, broadening the authority of witch hunters. The manual was used by both Catholics and Protestants. Although widely consulted, it was never given the official imprimatur of the Catholic church. Although publication was aided by Gutenbergs invention of movable type, the manual itself was not in continuous publication. When witchcraft prosecutions increased in some areas, the wider publication of the Malleus Maleficarum followed.

Queer Theology Free Essays

Queer theology Definition Queer is by definition whatever is at odds with the normal, the legitimate, the dominant. There is nothing in particular to which it necessarily refers. It is an identity without an essence. We will write a custom essay sample on Queer Theology or any similar topic only for you Order Now ‘Queer’ then, demarcates not a positivity but a positionality vis-a-vis the normative A â€Å"pro-feminist gay theology† was proposed by J. M. Clark and G. McNeil in 1992, and a â€Å"queer theology† by  Robert Goss  in  Jesus acted up: A gay and lesbian manifesto  ( Explain two of the main contributors to feminist theology Elizabeth Stuart (born 1963) Professor Stuart was consecrated as a Bishop in the Open Episcopal Church (a small, independent grouping within the United Kingdom). In 2006 she became Archbishop of the Province of Great Britain and Ireland of the Liberal Catholic Church International. Her published works include: * Gay and Lesbian Theologies: Repetitions and Critical Difference * Just Good Friends: Towards a Lesbian and Gay Theology of Relationships * Daring to Speak Love’s Name * Religion is a Queer Thing * Lesbian and Gay Theologies: Repetitions with Critical Difference Prof Gerard Loughlin Gerard Loughlin  BA MA (Wales) PhD (Cambridge) is Professor of Theology and Religion at the  University of Durham,  England. He is the  author  of  Telling God’s Story: Bible Church and Narrative Theology  (Cambridge University Press 1996) and  Alien Sex: The Body and Desire in Cinema and Theology  (Blackwell 2004). These works show Stuart moving from a liberationist approach to an approach grounded in queer theory. She now argues that gender and sexuality are not matters of ultimate theological concerns and that the Christian duty is to refuse to work theologically with such categories. His work included: the relationship between God and Israel: Husband to wife. Jesus to the Church, Husband to wife. The Church includes BOTH genders. Therefore man to man in matrimony. He believes that the Church is looking at this in a symbolic way rather than facing up to the fact that it is what God/ Jesus wants. He talks of the love between Jesus and his disciples ‘John of Zebedee left his wife/wife to be to follow Jesus whom he loved! ’ There is a question over WHO got married at the Wedding in Cana- was it his disciples? Two men? John and Jesus are said to be ‘symbolically married’. He believes that this is significant when discussing gender roles and biology. A ‘natural kind’ of marriage –woman and man- is a ‘fantasy’ and not realistic. The use of ‘queer’ used to be an insult. It should now offer a sense of pride to Gay people. Is queer theology rooted in the bible It is rooted in the bible as it believes the fundamental concepts of Christian theology – e. g. trinity, Jesus and his resurrection etc It is not rooted in the bible as Scripture begins and ends with the picture of marriage as an institution ordained by God – designed for the union of a man and a woman in a life-long, faithful, covenantal relationship. This view is affirmed by Moses, Christ and Paul, and has been upheld through thousands of years of Judeo Christian history and tradition. Pro-gay revisionists usually do not even attempt to address God’s created intent for human sexuality, but instead twist Scripture and argue against those texts which condemn same-sex behaviour. Link five teachings from the bible that support queer theology * The argument that if God’s presence and gifts of love are manifest in a gay-affirming church and in homosexual relationships, it is evidence that God accepts and blesses homosexual behaviour. The argument that â€Å"I’m a born-again believer and I’m gay, therefore homosexuality must be okay† is * The argument that Jesus said nothing about homosexuality in the gospels * Bible translators mistranslated five references to sexual ethics in two different testaments of Scripture. And there is also a possibility that they only mistranslated Scriptures regarding homos exual behaviour. * References to God condemning homosexual behaviour is directed to homosexual prostitutes not to homosexuals as a whole * Love between Jesus and his disciples ‘John of Zebedee left his wife/wife to be to follow Jesus whom he loved! John and Jesus are said to be ‘symbolically married * There is a question over WHO got married at the Wedding in Cana- was it his disciples? Two men? How does queer theology link with liberation theology? Queer Theology is grounded in Liberation Theology that respects the experiences of those who have been systematically alienated and abused by the traditional religious establishment. It is imperative that lesbian and gay Christians embrace the hermeneutics of suspicion and interpret scriptures accordingly. The queer Christian community must live within church structures in light of being a part of the underside of society. A large part of the mission of Queer Spirituality is to challenge doctrinal and theological imperialism that has infiltrated many churches. Queer Theology has no choice but to help build the Reign of God by seeking to destroy unjust and oppressive ecclesial structures and teachings. Queer Spirituality has no choice but to fight the battle for God’s justice with righteous anger and speak the truth in the mist of adversity and strife. Queer Theology must work for freedom and liberation by waging a spiritual battle against domination, control, power, and abuse of church authority by confronting distorted beliefs about lesbian and gay Christians. Queer Spirituality is a call to reject churches that hijack human dignity and freedom in the name of religion. Queer Theology can only embrace a spirituality that cultivates honesty, healing, affection, compassion, and justice. Queer Spirituality can only be authentic when seeking to cast out the demons of poverty, injustice, racism, violence, prejudice, exploitation, or homophobia in any form — whether they are within us, our government, or our churches. While formulating a Queer Spirituality, lesbian and gay Christians need to dig deep into, appreciate, and learn from a noble and splendid Hebrew-Christian heritage. Queer Christians must draw from this heritage the strength to believe that the God of compassion and mercy always conquers and triumphs over the evil of homophobia, hatred, and bigotry. Queer theology basics conclusion – * Queer theologians wanted to construct a theology which came directly from their own context * ‘queering’ involves a re- interpretation and definition of our language and practices from the perspective of homosexual people * Queer theology is closely related to philosophical and socio political movement of queer studies How to cite Queer Theology, Papers

Wearable Technologies In Health Care Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Wearable Technologies In Health Care. Answer: Introduction Wearables in healthcare are the devices which have evolved all the way and it has now become more personal. The wearable devices can now monitor the steps, sleep, activity level, body fat. A literature review is conducted which will take in to account the challenges posed by these wearable devices and what are the potential impacts of wearing the wearable healthcare technologies. The main work is conducted through the secondary research and online databases are used explicitly for the literature review. Objectives The deliverables of the literature review are based on the wearable technologies in healthcare are as follows: The application of the wearable technologies in surgeries and its positive impacts on the surgical patients. Role of the wearable technologies in the respiratory disease and health. The impact of the wearable technologies on the management of the osteoarthritis which is based on the psychosocial factors. The challenges posed by the wearable technologies. The challenges and the potentialities of the wearable technologies in the medical and the healthcare arenas. The implications of the wearable technologies in the healthcare industry. The objectives of the literature review are to gain an insight into the positive impacts if the wearable technology on the specific type of patients affected by respiratory diseases, had undergone surgery, and in osteoarthritis management. The additional discussion will be based on objectives like challenges posed by the wearable technologies, potentialities of the technology. Methods Evidence review- the framework for analysis included the search strategies that were utilized for the search of the articles and journals. Different databases like the PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect is used to conduct a search of the articles. The searches were based on the keywords like wearable technologies in healthcare, various challenges posed by the wearable technologies, potentialities of the wearable technology. Inclusion criteria- the articles and the journals are selected based on the proper title of the articles and the abstract clearly describes the paper, in brief, highlighting vital points. Exclusion criteria- articles and the journals that lack a proper title and abstract. Titles that deviated from the main scope of the study are not selected for this literature review. Project- The project management tool identified for this study is the online Gantt Chart that provides the flexibility of assigning the tasks and also viewing the progress of the task in real time. The major risks identified for this project are the scheduling risks and performance risks. Such risks can be dealt only by proper time management and close watch on the progress of the project. Research study- The study was designed on the lines of the benefits of the usage of the wearable technologies in healthcare. The data were collected from the secondary researches. The tools that were used for the conduct of the study are the normal Microsoft excel in order to analyse the data and give a visual presentation. Scope The scope of the study is based on the certain aspects of the search that was previously conducted during the search of the literature. The search criteria are totally based on the aspects that promoted the positive effects and the benefits of using the wearable technology. Inclusion criteria- the articles are selected based specific criteria like what benefits the wearable technologies pose to the people that had undergone surgery. The role played by the wearable technologies in the patients that have respiratory diseases; the impact of the wearable technologies on the management of certain diseases like osteoarthritis that are explicitly based on the psychosocial technologies; the potentialities that the wearable technologies have on the healthcare and the medical arena; the implications of the wearable technologies on the healthcare industry. Exclusion criteria- wearable technologies are plenty on the market and while conducting a search for the articles and journals, a huge number of search results showed up including the general wearable technologies. Wearable technologies that play a major role in healthcare are considered for the study. Wearable technologies and its connection with the software, hardware and internet are excluded from the study. The wearable technologies its market share along with the effect on the consumers are also excluded from the study. Results The wearable technologies that are used in surgical practices can be differentiated into several types based on its roles: assessment, augmentation, assistance. Assistance can be referred to the usage of the wearable technologies that act as a substitute for the several physical tasks in the surgical practice. The tasks can be like having a sterile environment in the clinic. A perfect example of such a wearable device can be arm mounted PACS system controlled by an arm mounted device. This device actively helps in cross-sectional imaging view at the time of surgery without compromising the sterility. Augmentation describes the real-time collection of the data and transferring the same to a surgeon (Slade Shantz, Veillette, 2014). The form of the information can be biometric data, clinical data or instrument data. In practice such technologies take the form of a heads-up display which helps in performing a surgery. Assessment can be described as the usage of the wearable technology f or the purpose of the measurement of the severity of a disease and the clinical outcomes. These technologies can be actively used in surgical education. The assessment via the wearable technology has already posed to be beneficial in tracking the stroke recovery and monitoring a lung disease. The physiological responses are actively measured via the responses of the educators and the learners in order to understand the stressors that are present in the environment (Slade Shantz, Veillette, 2014). In the arena of healthcare and especially in the respiratory assessment different types of the wearable devices and the provide the vital information regarding the respiratory function of a patient along with the environmental information. The wearable technologies provide information based on arterial oxygen saturation, breathing pattern, respiratory rate and minute ventilation, air quality and activity (figure 1) (Aliverti, 2017). Figure 1: patient monitoring system through the wearable sensors The health monitoring systems measure both the short-term and the long-term events that are occurring in the body. The wearable systems provide the real-time data of the patient and the medical staff. This information provides vital information regarding the post-operative solutions and rehabilitation so that the recovery can be quickened especially for the elders. This is useful for monitoring the patients that reside in the rural areas and the cities. The benefits are that it reduces the work pressure of the healthcare providers; improves the comfort of the patient; reduces the cost of the healthcare services, increases the efficiency (Aliverti, 2017). A qualitative study was designed along with a focus group suffering from osteoarthritis, the data collected from the patients are analysed through a framework methodology. In this study, 21 patients participated that had knee arthritis and they belong from London. The age group of the people is 45 to 65 years and are segregated into 4 different focus groups. The whole study was performed in a university setting. The responses and the perspectives of the patient were collected and it reflected that the patients had benefitted from the usage of the wearable technologies. The wearables helped in the management of the osteoarthritis. It was found from the study that the wearables had helped the patients in controlling the condition, and providing an awareness in terms of their progress and in better patient-clinician communication (figure 2) (Belsi, Papi McGregor, 2016). The technologies used in the wearable technologies have evolved it has been made possible only through the convergence of the technology and the physiology. The technologies involved in the system are the software technology, data analysis technology, micro-electromechanical technology and the sensor technology. There are, however, certain issues that arise from the various challenges like the breach in the security of the data, privacy. The other issues that can arise are the inaccuracy of the sensors, and the identification of the customer needs (Kim Choi, 2016). The challenges posed by the wearable technologies is the price of such devices and is one of the biggest due to high prices of the wearables. For example, the google glass had a cost of around 1500 dollars. The other challenges faced by these wearables is the infancy of the technology and there are many cases of disruptions that had made the technology a bit unreliable. Although the technology is promising and there is a big chance in the future the technology will evolve to a great extent (Sultan, 2015). The wearable device manufacturers and the vendors are fully self-regulated and its operation is free from any control of FDA or MHRA in US and UK respectively. One of the biggest issues is that the manufacturers employ wrong procedures when they bring out software updates of the healthcare wearables. This leads to the integration of the bugs and the into the exiting software products and impacts the efficiency and usefulness of the product (Erdmier, Hatcher Lee, 2016). Discussion From the conduct of the literature review, it can be found that the wearable technology in healthcare is one of the greatest inventions of the decade. The invention of the gadgets that are portable enough has facilitated various companies to innovate products that can effectively measure and track the health of a person. These gadgets are so small that they are pocketable and even can be worn in an attire. These healthcare wearables come with the sensor technologies that can measure a rate of breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and at the same time can measure external environmental conditions. Often the outside environmental conditions affect the health of a person and with the help of these wearables, the health status can be actively tracked and measured. The usage of the wearables during the surgeries provide a novel way to reduce any kind of cross-contamination. These wearables help in maintaining a sterile condition during the conduct of a surgery and at the same time assist in monitoring and tracking the health conditions of a patient. The important questions that were raised during the conduct of the literature review are that whether the wearable technologies in healthcare do pose any benefit for the patients. The research conducted by the Belsi, Papi McGregor (2016) has revealed that the usage of the of wearable technologies had a positive effect on the patients and they were recovering fast after the usage of wearables. The other questions that were found to be during the conduct of the literature review are the effectivity of the wearable technologies. According to a study by Erdmier, Hatcher Lee (2016), it has been found that companies sometimes through their unplanned software updates reduces the working ability of the wearables. The bugs in the software update reduce the effective tracking monitoring and tracking. The areas where the further research on the wearable technology is required is a raw comparison between the performance of the wearable technologies with the conventional monitoring and the tracking system in healthcare. This can be done in order to analyse and measure the extent to which the sensors are with respect to the conventional monitoring and tracking technologies. Other researches can also be conducted into areas to understand how the wearable technology can be made effective in the future and how better can it be made. Conclusion Thus, from the above study, it can be concluded that the usage of the wearables in healthcare can be effectively used for active monitoring and tracking personal healthcare. There are different types of gadgets that help in tracking both the external environment and the internal environment. The wearable technologies can track and monitor heartbeat, blood pressure and rate of breathing. The technologies are still in the nascent stage and it will still require major upgradations and evolution in order to increase the effectivity of these devices. References Aliverti, A. (2017). Wearable technology: role in respiratory health and disease. Breathe, 13(2), e27. Belsi, A., Papi, E., McGregor, A. H. (2016). Impact of wearable technology on psychosocial factors of osteoarthritis management: a qualitative study. BMJ open, 6(2), e010064. Erdmier, C., Hatcher, J., Lee, M. (2016). Wearable device implications in the healthcare industry. Journal of medical engineering technology, 40(4), 141-148. Kim, W., Choi, J. (2016). Challenges for wearable healthcare services. International Journal of Web and Grid Services, 12(4), 407-417. Slade Shantz, J. A., Veillette, C. J. (2014). The application of wearable technology in surgery: ensuring the positive impact of the wearable revolution on surgical patients. Frontiers in surgery, 1, 39. Sultan, N. (2015). Reflective thoughts on the potential and challenges of wearable technology for healthcare provision and medical education. International Journal of Information Management, 35(5), 521-526.