The Effects of Social Networking upon Society - 1100 Words

Introduction: Social networking is a network of sites is very effective in facilitating social life among a group of acquaintances and friends , and enable old friends to connect to each other and after a long year , and enable them to also communicate the visual and audio and share images and other possibilities that solidified social relationship between them. Featured social networking such as : ( Facebook – WatsApp - Twitter – Skype - MySpace - LIVE Boone - Hi- Five - Orkut - Tagd - YouTube , etc.) , which allowed some of them , such as Facebook, WatsApp and skype sharing videos and photos , share files and conduct real-time conversations , and communicate The direct interaction between the audience .†¦show more content†¦With the constant use of these social technologies, less people are communicating in person. Many people are becoming more isolated due to the lack of personal interaction. It is becoming easier to go through life with less personal confrontations and conversations. Many people are becoming used to only conversing through their computer. This trend has continued and lead to an, â€Å"Interesting number of developing adults that function well in a keyboard setting while failing at human interaction† (PC Magazine Online 2). The failing of human interaction is a horrible result of this new technology. Without person-to-person interaction we will lose our language skills and have trouble with public speaking. Normal debates and confrontations will be made more difficult due to the inability to read one another’s body language. This is not healthy for our development because â€Å"Humans are social animals who need to have regular interaction with others to experience the full benefits of socialization and lead a balanced life† (Current Issues 2). This kind of isolation is degrading towards our society because it is necessary to be personable. If we continue to be isolated than all of our communication skills will drop lower than they already are. These new communication sites were made to improve communication, not destroy it. These social networks allow an individual toShow MoreRelatedSocial Network and Its Effect on Poor Students Academic Performance1051 Words   |  5 PagesSOCIAL NETWORK AND ITS EFFECT ON POOR STUDENTS ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram are the example famous social network that becomes the best choice among the students, especially university students. Social network can defines as site of grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighbourhood subdivision. Nowadays, the social network is a necessary communication tool that has emerged in the field of information and communication technologyRead MoreImpact of Social Media on Relationships Essay1050 Words   |  5 Pages Social networking can connect strangers across the world. As the evolution of communication continues, technology progresses and social networking grows. Social networks like Instagram, Twitter, and Facebook have grown to have billions of users. In fact in today’s society, it is necessary or nearly expected to use one if not all of these technological communication networks. The increasing use of social networking has had both a negative and positive ef fect on communication in relationshipsRead MoreSocial Networking and Effects on Society1326 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Networking and Effects on Society Wouldn’t you say that online social networking has changed the way society interacts with friends, family and perfect strangers. When someone exposes themselves to these sites, they open the door to allow these people into their lives. Some of them you would have passed on the street and not even thought of befriending. 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Social media, social media, social media†¦ oh what is has done to the world, so many students grades have dropped, criminals PROMOTE crimes. Ultimately, what is at stake here is social media will one day take over the world. People’s safety will be in danger, crimes will increase, people will getRead MoreEffects Of Online Social Networking On Society966 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the years, our society has experienced dramatic change due to technological advances. Technology has become a vital part of our everyday lives that has greatly influenced the way we interact with each other and our environment. Through the development of social networking, it has easily kept us updated on what is going on around the world and in other people’s lives. Instead of face-to-face communication, the younger generation perceives social media to be a place to share emotional connectionsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesSociety Crumbles into Smithereens One Post at a Time You are walking out of the new Star Wars movie, posting about how superb it was, when suddenly you are swooped up and thrown in the back of a vehicle. No one would have thought posting about how you were there earlier would provoke such a situation. After all, social networking is â€Å"safe† and â€Å"friendly.† Now, social media is defined as â€Å"A form of electric communication through which users create online communities to share information,† accordingRead MoreOverview of Social Networking1393 Words   |  6 PagesTechnology has evolved, and impacted our society in a negative way. There are multiple reasons as to why it affects our community, such as lower grades, job stability, cyberbullying, sexting, and it can harm college admission. I have known a family friend that has experienced social networking in a horrible way, which has messed with his dreams and life goals. Social networking has a negative influence on our lives, causing many various probl ems in our community. Social networks are internet sites thatRead MoreExample Chapter1 of Research Paper1725 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation, there was little or no opportunity to participate or contribute to the growth of the media. However, upon the development of social networking sites, the web was opened to the world and was able to fulfill its purpose: to provide people all over the world a never ending way of connecting. â€Å"Nothing has changed the Web more than the rise of social networking sites.† Upon the rise of the internet’s popularity, different programmers and developers designed a variety of web sites whichRead MoreThe Positive And Negative Implications Of Social Networking Sites1604 Words   |  7 Pagesimplications of social networking sites. Introduction Social networking sites have become a big part of our lives. These sites are indeed twofold, and their impact on society is both positive and negative. My essay will, therefore try to answer both sides of the impact social networking sites have in today’s culture. A website article by (Shruti Tripathi Chopra 2015) stated that in 2008 Facebook made and estimated $300 million, that rose to a profit in 2014 of $2.9. The positive implications of social networking

Increasing Physical Activity In Adults Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(162) " range of pattern for physical healers ; It is our duty to advance physical activity in appropriate populations given the copiousness of grounds for its support\." Physical therapy is a profession that provides the best possible attention to all people irrespective of socioeconomic position ( SES ) . Volunteering at St. Clare ‘s Mission in La Crosse, Wisconsin ( a physical therapy resource for those unable to afford traditional wellness attention services ) has given us a first-hand glance of the demand for health care services for people of low SES. We will write a custom essay sample on Increasing Physical Activity In Adults Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The attention provided at this clinic was the best possible with the resources available, nevertheless the volume of attention was non equal to manage the high demand for services. After speaking with old pupils who have initiated an exercising plan at the local Salvation Army in La Crosse, Wisconsin, and join forcesing with module who have helped ease plans for people of low SES, it is apparent that a high demand exists for supplying instruction and physical attention for this population. The intent of our public wellness enterprise is to set up a primary and secondary bar plan which improves overall wellness by increasing physical activity in persons of lower SES in the La Crosse country. Role of the Physical Therapist Primary and Secondary Prevention The Guide to Physical Therapist Practice provinces that physical therapy attention consists of primary, secondary, and third care.1 Our wellness enterprise will concentrate on primary and secondary attention. Primary bar is defined as the bar of a disease in populations that are at hazard for the pathological development.1 The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice recommends enterprises, wellness publicity, and instruction as a few ways in which this can be completed.1 Health showings, biomechanical appraisals, and educational workshops are merely a few ways that physical healers can educate the populace on the factors of disease hazard, and what they can make to assist forestall disease. As physical therapy pupils, we plan on prosecuting in primary bar by utilizing our cognition of physical activity, exercising prescription, biomechanics, and physiology to educate and teach at hazard grownups so they can diminish their opportunities of developing a pathology. Secondary bar is defined as helping those who suffer from a pathology by cut downing the continuance and badness of their symptoms and assisting to forestall any farther complications.1 While these populations will non be specifically recruited, it is likely that we will be working with participants at the Salvation Army who have preexistent conditions. The Salvation Army provides services for people enduring from diseases related to physical inaction such as type II diabetes, coronary arteria disease, chest malignant neoplastic disease and obesity.2 We plan on increasing physical activity in these persons to assist cut down the badness of these diseases. Secondary bar can besides be enforced for individuals who have conditions such as pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension, as they would besides profit from an aerophilic fittingness plan. Through exerting and educating the participants in our plan, we will turn to these populations and aid to forestall new disease development, and dimini sh the badness of bing diseases utilizing a bi-weekly exercising plan. We will besides pattern secondary bar by placing wellness issues through our showing tools, and mentioning them to the proper topographic point such as St. Clare ‘s Health Mission. Subject Brief Overview of the Problem Physical inaction is an increasing tendency in the United States. It has been associated with a reduced quality of life every bit good as an increased prevalence of several diseases.3 These diseases can potentially be avoided with increased aerophilic exercising and the turning away of other hazard factors. Behavioral hazard factors such as physical inaction, hapless diet, smoke, and inordinate imbibing are the prima causes of decease in the United States.4 It is our hope as physical therapy pupils that by aiming physical inaction, one constituent of these behavioural hazard factors that is within our range of pattern, we can get down to cut down the negative impact it is holding on the general population. How the authorities is supervising Several studies are utilized at a national degree to roll up informations related to physical activity. The Center for Disease Control has been instrumental in roll uping this information through the usage of the National Health Interview Survey, Health Related Quality of Life Survey, and Chronic Disease Indicator Survey among others. The National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion is another advocate for the aggregation of informations sing wellness hazard behaviours and preventive attention patterns. It consists of nine divisions working towards bettering wellness by forestalling chronic diseases and their hazard factors.5 These studies produce comparative statistics of assorted wellness hazard factors such as BMI, yearss of physical activity per hebdomad, SES, geographical location, and age groups. The corporate findings from these surveies suggest that a big proportion of the American populace does non accomplish sufficient physical activity for wellness b enefits. Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 is the province wellness plan which requires the Wisconsin Department of Health Services to build a public wellness docket for the province every 10 years.6 One of the focal points of this program is to supervise and describe advancement in accomplishing the ends and aims as outlined by the execution program of Healthiest Wisconsin 2020. Telephone administered and mailed studies are the primary manners of rating. For illustration, these studies were used to place people who have a BMI of gt ; 30 among two groups ( age 15-18, 19 and or older ) . These groups were so followed between the old ages of 2000 and 2007 to find physical activity levels.4 Information on physical activity was collected from the undermentioned beginnings: Wisconsin Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Wisconsin Department of Health Services, Wisconsin Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction. PT ‘s Role in Increasing Physical Activity The Guide to Physical Therapy Practice provinces that physical healers are qualified to help and learn a community inaugural plan turn toing increasing aerophilic physical activity in the grownup population.1 Exercise prescription and direction falls within the range of pattern for physical healers ; It is our duty to advance physical activity in appropriate populations given the copiousness of grounds for its support. You read "Increasing Physical Activity In Adults Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples"1 By implementing a community plan that targets sedentary grownups of low SES, we are supplying primary and secondary bar for hazards such as diabetes, bosom disease, and high blood force per unit area. Background and Rationale Happening of Physical Inactivity The rate of inaction in America is dismaying with 52 % of the population non even sing 30 proceedingss of moderate physical activity a day.7 Furthermore, 23.9 % of Americans reported that they had non engaged in physical activity during the last month.8 Physical inaction tends to be more prevailing in the southern United States ; nevertheless degrees of physical inaction are unsatisfactory in northern United States every bit good. In Wisconsin entirely, 22.7 % of occupants considers themselves to be in hapless or just wellness, with 17.4 % of WI occupants describing limited activity due in portion to physical problems.4 Upwards of 24 % of the province did non take part in leisure-time physical activity of any sort during the twelvemonth 2010.8 At a local degree, 19.3 % of La Crosse county occupants were reported as being physically inactive, comparing to 16,110 occupants as of 2008.9 This suggests that greater than 80 % of La Crosse county occupants reported themselves as physically active, nevertheless, this does non intend that they are run intoing the ACSM guidelines for moderate activity degree that are recommended for disease hazard reduction.3 It is clear that physical inaction is an increasing tendency, and although people may see themselves as active, they may non be run intoing sufficient activity degrees to diminish disease hazard. Mortality Patel et Al. found that females who spent longer than six hours sitting per twenty-four hours had a comparative hazard for all-cause mortality of 1.37 ( 1 decease per 74 person-years ) , whereas males in the same class had a comparative hazard ( RR ) of 1.18 ( 1 decease per 45 person-years ) . Females and males who spent between nothing and three hours per twenty-four hours sitting each had a RR for all-cause mortality of 1.00 ( Females: 1 decease per 150 person-years ; Males: 1 decease per 74 person-years ) . This same survey assessed physical activity degree in MET-hours/week and its influence on all-cause mortality rate. Females and males who performed less than 17.5 MET-hours/week of exercising each had a RR for all-cause mortality of 1.00 ( Females: 1 decease per 93 person-years ; Males: 1 decease per 53 person-years ) . Females who performed 31.5-42 MET-hours/week of exercising had a RR of.78 ( 1 decease per 123 person-years ) , while males in this class had a RR of.88 ( 1 dece ase per 58 individual old ages ) .10 The findings of this article imply that longer clip spent sitting each twenty-four hours resulted in a higher happening of mortality for both males and females. Furthermore, higher degrees of physical activity per hebdomad were associated with a lower mortality rate for both genders. Impact Consequences of Physical Inactivity Physical inaction has been linked to a figure of pathologies such as high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus type 2, osteoporosis11, cardiovascular/respiratory diseases12, and bosom attacks.3 In add-on, low degrees of physical activity were correlated with negative physiological effects such as increased organic structure weight, organic structure mass index ( BMI ) , waist-to-hip ratio, cholesterin degrees in work forces, and a lessening in insulin levels.13 The happening of these effects is lower in more active populations, hence physical activity is prescribed as a preventive step for diminishing mortality, morbidity, and the hazard of disease acquisition.3,12 For this ground, activity degree criterions were developed by the American College of Sports Medicine ( ACSM ) which aim to steer physical activity programs.3 At the national degree wellness and health has been pushed to the head due to healthcare reform, and it is frequently hindered by a deficiency of physical activity and hapless diet. The increasing prevalence of fleshiness in the United States has been linked in portion to these same factors. In 2010, 35.7 % of American citizens were considered obese.14 Fortunately, important lessenings in organic structure fat have occurred through diet and moderate exercising in comparing to other weight loss techniques.12 The province of WI has done ill in this respect, with 22.9 % of occupants prosecuting in no leisure clip physical activity.6 Furthermore, persons who reported small to no aerophilic exercising or greater clip between everyday medical screen had increased likeliness of holding 14 or more unhealthy yearss per year.15 It is reported that these persons rate themselves as holding hapless wellness compared to those who exercised and had regular wellness screenings.15 These statistics ov erpoweringly support the demand to convert those with a sedentary life styles to increase their physical activity degrees to better their wellness and prevent negative effects. Hazard Factors and Determinants for Physical Inactivity Non-modifiable Hazard Factors There are several determiners and hazard factors that are associated with physical activity in grownups. Non-modifiable hazard factors include gender, age, ethnicity, and instruction degree. Gender and age are the two most consistent demographic ( non-modifiable ) correlatives of physical activity behaviour in adults.16 In footings of gender, work forces ( 52.1 % ) are more likely than adult females ( 42.6 % ) to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerophilic activity.4 This may be due to traditional gender functions where adult females have less free clip to exert due to their caretaking function within the household. Younger grownups are more likely to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for aerophilic activity than older grownups. This disagreement may be due to the younger grownup population holding fewer co-morbidities. Harmonizing to the Center for Disease Control, more non-Hispanic white grownups ( 22.8 % ) meet the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines fo r aerophilic and muscle-strengthening activity than non-Hispanic black grownups ( 17.3 % ) and Latino grownups ( 14.4 % ) .8 Although there are multiple grounds for this, one may be due to differences in degree of income between the ethnicities which determine physical activity chances every bit good as the sum of available leisure clip for exercising. Finally, grownups with more instruction are more likely to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerophilic activity than grownups with less education.3 Modifiable Hazard Factors The list of modifiable hazard factors associated with physical activity in grownups is much more extended than non-modifiable hazard factors. These hazard factors, which negatively influence physical activity in grownups, include low SES, hapless self-efficacy, low degrees of instruction, being overweight, and decreased societal support.2 Socioeconomic position and perceived self-efficacy demonstrated the strongest and most consistent associations with physical activity behavior.2,17,18,19 A deficiency of fiscal stableness has been linked to reduced physical activity, every bit good as more unhealthy weight control.20 The Center for Disease Control suggests that grownups whose household income is above the poorness degree are more likely to run into the 2008 Physical Activity Guideline for aerophilic activity than grownups whose household income is at or near the poorness level.8 It has besides been determined that adult females of lower SES perform significantly lower ( p lt ; .0001 ) sums of physical activity per hebdomad than those of higher SES. Interestingly, work forces of both lower and higher SES take part in the same sum of physical activity per hebdomad, nevertheless those of higher SES performed significantly more leisure clip physical activity.17 Self-efficacy for physical activity is described as a individual ‘s assurance in his or her ability to be physically active. Oman and King looked at the influence of self-efficacy perceptual experiences in a cohort of healthy sedentary work forces and adult females between the ages of 50 and 64, and found that among those take parting in a supervised home-based activity plan, baseline self-efficacy perceptual experiences significantly predicted exercising attachment after a two twelvemonth follow-up.18 In a meta-analysis conducted by Haggar et al. , it was concluded that the attitudes about behaviour and self-efficacy were finding factors of whether or non an person will take part in physical activity ; lower self-efficacy is the biggest forecaster in non take parting in physical activity.19 In footings of instruction, grownups with high school school instruction were about i ¬?ve times less likely to take part in physical activity as those with a college instruction. Among individuals older than 44 old ages, the lowest educated group was about 2.5 times more likely to be sedentary than individuals who had i ¬?nished higher vocational schooling or university.21 Obesity is another modifiable hazard factor that has been systematically correlated with a deficiency of physical activity.10 A deficiency of activity or a sedentary life style has been shown to be one of the cardinal subscribers to the development of fleshiness when all other confounding factors are controlled. Patel et Al. found that those passing more clip sitting had an increased hazard for the development of fleshiness every bit good as an increased hazard of mortality.10 Low societal support has systematically emerged as an of import negative correlative with physical activity. Leslie et Al found that people describing low degrees of societal support from household or friends were 23-55 % more likely to be less active than were those with high degrees of support.23 The U.S. Women ‘s Determinants Study found that adult females with high degrees of societal support for physical activity were about twice every bit likely to be active at least 30 proceedingss on five or more yearss a hebdomad than adult females with low degrees of societal support.24 Booth et Al. found that holding friends who participated on a regular basis in physical activity and holding a safe topographic point to exert were significantly associated with regular physical activity.25 King et Al. found that often detecting others exercising was positively associated with physical activity participation.26 By implementing schemes which target the modifiable hazard factors listed a bove, which will assist better physical activity degrees in these persons. Interventions Literature Review A thorough reappraisal of the literature was done to find the most effectual intercession schemes for increasing physical activity, and cut downing wellness related hazard factors among grownups of low SES. The hunt yielded a figure of relevant articles for intercessions to increase physical activity including the usage of laic person-led aerophilic exercising plans, the usage of feedback to arouse alterations in behaviour, increasing the participants ‘ self-efficacy, usage of function theoretical accounts, patient instruction and barrier elimination.27,28 Lamb et Al. found that volunteer-led walking groups resulted in a higher proportion of participants than a group that received exercise advice.29 A survey mensurating alterations in self-reported exercising behaviour found that the group having exercising advice and direction had a higher figure of topics describing 150 proceedingss of activity than a walking group and advice merely group.30 Hagger et Al. found that people â €˜s attitudes, perceived behavioural control and self-efficacy are cardinal influences in organizing purposes to take part in physical activity.19 See Appendix Literature Review Matrix In order to use these schemes we will be taking a multi-faceted attack which aims to integrate each method throughout the plan. Our plan will be an instructor-led exercising plan with an accent on educating the patients on exercising, and learning them an easy-to-learn plan that they can execute on their ain to heighten self-efficacy. By using the Salvation Army of La Crosse, we will extinguish a important barrier for people of low SES by supplying a free exercising installation. Application of Learning Theory Social Cognitive Theory and Self-Efficacy The Social Cognitive Theory is a behavioural alteration theory which focuses on self-efficacy, or the belief in oneself to execute a undertaking. This theory serves as the model about which we are structuring our plan ( See Appendix Application of Theory to Practice ) . The Social Cognitive Theory emphasizes self-efficacy every bit good as the personal and environmental barriers that limit alteration. Its foundation is centered around the thought that persons must hold assurance that they can successfully execute a undertaking in order for behavior alteration to occur.28 In add-on to self-efficacy, the person must value the alteration that is being made before they invest themselves to the full in the task.28 Incentivizing the undertaking is one method that can be used to top out the topics involvement in finishing the task.28 Improved self-efficacy has been shown to decrease the perceptual experience of one ‘s disease badness or disability.31 Therefore, if self-efficacy can be improved, the perceptual experience of one ‘s disablement may besides be improved. Improved self-efficacy has besides been linked to successful behaviour alteration, and multiple schemes to heighten self-efficacy can be found in the literature. One scheme for bettering self-efficacy is public presentation attainment, which is the act of accomplishing proficiency with a undertaking through engagement and experience with the undertaking. Application of this scheme suggests that failures should be viewed as larning experiences.32 Vicarious experience is another agency of bettering self-efficacy which entails detecting another person who is exhibiting the coveted behaviour that the topic is working towards.32 This provides the scholar with assurance that the coveted alteration can happen, while besides supplying a safe envir onment in which to larn. Verbal persuasion is a scheme that focuses on a trusty single educating the topic in order to increase their apprehension of the behaviour that they exhibit.32Trusting the beginning of information, with regard to skill and expertness, has a important influence on self-efficacy. Another method for heightening self-efficacy is the usage of physiological feedback.32 Raising the participants ‘ consciousness to both positive and negative effects associated with behavior alteration allows them to better prepare for engagement, and it has besides been shown to better self-efficacy.32 Enhancing self-efficacy has been shown to rush behavior alteration. We have the possible to arouse such alterations by implementing these schemes in our community health undertaking. We will turn to public presentation attainment by teaching the topics in each facet of our exercising plan, which will let them to derive assurance in those activities. We will utilize reverting exercising plan members every bit good as ourselves to supply participants with a theoretical account of proper exercising behaviour in order to implement the vicarious experience scheme. Patient instruction will function as verbal persuasion, and we will besides use educational booklets to convert the participants of the plan ‘s importance. Last, each of us will be resources to supply single feedback to participants and educate them on what they can anticipate throughout the plan so that they can mentally fix for behavioural alteration. The Social Cognitive Theory has been successfully applied to healthcare every bit good as exercising behavior.33 It can be straight applied to our plan to help the participants in altering their behaviour and to give us a model with which to steer that alteration. Project Justification A ; Aims Problem Statement Physical inaction is an increasing tendency in the United States which has been associated with a reduced quality of life every bit good as an increased prevalence of a figure of diseases.3 These diseases can potentially be avoided with increased aerophilic exercising and the turning away of other behavioural hazard factors. Behavioral hazard factors such as physical inaction, hapless diet, smoke, and inordinate imbibing are the prima causes of decease in the United States.4 It is our hope that by aiming physical inaction, we can cut down the negative impact it is holding on the general population. Specific Community Needs Physical inaction degrees are alarmingly high at both the province and local degrees. Upwards of 24 % of Wisconsin occupants did non take part in leisure-time physical activity of any sort during the twelvemonth 2010.8 Locally, 19.3 % of La Crosse county occupants were reported to be physically inactive, comparing to a sum of 16,110 occupants as of 2008.9 Negative Consequences if Nothing is Done It is apparent that grownups of low SES have become a ignored population in our health care system. The federal authorities has proposed policies that strive to do health care accessible to the this population, nevertheless these policies would non take action until 2014 at the earliest, if ever.34 Based on our current health care it can merely be assumed that grownups of low SES will go on to be denied wellness attention based on their inability to pay for services. Unfortunately, this creates a form in which grownups with low SES have the poorest wellness position and yet have the least entree to healthcare.35 Due to the length of clip it takes for federal action to happen, community enterprises like ours may assist extenuate some wellness attention defects. On a local degree, low-cost and accessible wellness attention options need to be accessible on a primary, secondary, and third degree. Adults of low SES demand to be able to seek intervention for active pathologies, every bit g ood as have resources and instruction that will assist them avoid pathological conditions to better their quality of life. If wellness enterprises like ours are non established, the low SES will go on to be at hazard for physical inaction and the myriad of diseases associated with this. Introduction to Our Undertaking The intent of our plan is to supply an accessible primary and secondary bar wellness option to grownups of low SES who reside in the La Crosse country, with the primary end of increasing physical activity through wellness instruction and exercising direction. In conformity with Healthy People 2020, this plan ‘s intent is to increase the proportion of persons who engage in aerobic and beef uping exercisings in sufficient measure to accomplish wellness benefits by set uping a physical activity plan that was accessible to people of low SES of the La Crosse country. Another intent of this plan is to increase the figure of community-based organisations supplying population-based primary bar services for physical activity. These aims are outlined in Healthy People 2020 objectives PA-2.1, PA-2.3, and ECBP 10.9 ( See Appendix Healthy People 2020 ) . This plan will put a strong accent on self-efficacy, increasing the sum of physical activity participants engage in per hebdomad, and bettering outcome outlooks. To find the effectivity of our plan, three primary aims were established: foremost, to increase the self-efficacy of grownups of low SES, 2nd to increase volume of physical activity in grownups of low SES, and 3rd to increase expected results of take parting in physical activity. The secondary aim of our plan is to increase the likeliness of this population to go on to be physically active by developing a program for sustainability. This plan will turn to the Healthy People 2020 aims outlined by supplying a bi-weekly exercising plan with focal points on wellness instruction and direction on aerophilic and strengthening exercisings for people of low SES. Objective 1 Our first aim is to increase self-efficacy in persons with low SES ; a population that has been identified as holding low self-efficacy.18 In this scene, self-efficacy is described as a individual ‘s assurance in his or her ability to successfully be physically active. Low self-efficacy has been identified as being a barrier for persons who desire behavior change.28 It has been reported that if participants do non believe that they can successfully carry through the alteration in behaviour, they will non try to change.28 Oman and King researched the influence of self-efficacy perceptual experiences in a cohort of healthy sedentary work forces and adult females between the ages of 50 and 64, and found that among those take parting in a supervised home-based activity plan, baseline self-efficacy perceptual experiences significantly predicted exercising attachment after a two twelvemonth follow-up.18 As physical therapy pupils, educating sedentary patients on non merely the benefi ts of exercising, but how to exert may take to increased degrees of self-efficacy and physical activity in our patients. In this plan, we will mensurate exercising related self-efficacy before and after engagement in an teacher led physical activity plan. Self-efficacy will be measured utilizing the Barriers to Self-Efficacy Scale. It was ab initio developed for outpatient exercising plans, and has demonstrated dependability ( alpha coefficient =0.93 ) and cogency ( efficacy outlooks significantly correlated with existent engagement in exercising plans ) for sedentary adults.36 It will let us to obtain self-efficacy informations at baseline and upon completion of the exercising plan to find the effectivity of our schemes. Objective 2 The 2nd aim of our plan is to increase the volume of physical activity of the participants through a group based physical activity plan. The ACSM criterions for the sum of activity grownups need to take part in to see improved cardiovascular and aerophilic wellness is 30 proceedingss a twenty-four hours of moderate activity on 5 or more yearss a week.2,3 By supplying a free exercising plan two times a hebdomad, participants will hold an chance to increase their volume of physical activity. They will besides larn successful schemes to exert independently outside of our plan to let them to carry through the ACSM criterions. To help in increasing conformity to our bi-weekly plan, a societal support constituent will be addressed by holding a group exercising category consisting of frequenters of the Salvation Army. This will let the participants to exert with familiar people which may ease engagement. Social support has systematically emerged as an of import positive correlative with phy sical activity. Leslie et Al. determined that people describing low degrees of societal support from household or friends were 23-55 % more likely to be less active than were those with high degrees of support.23 Social support and instruction may non be sufficient to accomplish the coveted sum of physical activity in the transeunt population at the Salvation Army, so a 3rd scheme will be employed to better plan attending: Provide incentives for plan engagement such as a free jersey awarded to those who engage in 50 % , or 10 of the Sessionss. It has been found that supplying inducements to exert increased exercising plan attending in the short term and led to greater care of that activity over a period of two years.22 The combination of instruction, societal support and inducements will increase attachment to the plan, and therefore, increase the sum of participant ‘s physical activity per hebdomad. The sum of increased activity per hebdomad by participants will be measured at baseline and at completion of the plan utilizing the Physical Activity Scale ( PAS 2 ) . This scale measures the participants day-to-day physical activity while at work, and during leisure clip and has been shown to be valid in an grownup population.37 To find cogency, the PAS 2 was compared to the PAS 1 and a strong positive correlativity ( r= .95, P lt ; 0.0001 ) was found between PAS 1 and PAS 2 scores.37 The PAS 2 has been found to be more valid than the PAS 1, which may hold overestimated physical activity. For this ground, the PAS 2 will be used to measure alteration in exercising volume and wonts over the class of the plan. Objective 3 Our 3rd aim is to increase expected physical activity results in our mark population. Physical result outlooks reflect beliefs about pleasant and aversive physical experiences ensuing from battle in physical activity.38 The Multidimensional Outcome Expectations for Exercise Scale ( MOEES ) is a patient completed questionnaire measuring physical activity, self-efficacy, and wellness position. Wojcicki et Al found that being more active was significantly correlated with stronger physical result outlook tonss on the MOEES in both middle-aged and older grownups. The graduated table ‘s dependability and cogency allows us to better understand and predict physical activity behaviour in adults.38 Wojcicki et Al. found that increased activity was significantly correlated with stronger physical ( r = .21, P lt ; .001 ) and self-evaluative ( r = .20, P lt ; .001 ) but non societal result outlooks ( R = .02, P = N ) . Higher self-efficacy was besides found to be significantly associated with physical ( r = .22, P lt ; .001 ) , self-evaluative ( r = .26, P lt ; .001 ) , and societal result outlooks ( R = .17, P lt ; .001 ) .38 Secondary Aim The secondary aim for this plan is to develop a program that is sustainable and can be implemented by persons with lesser sums of preparation than a physical therapy pupil. Previous exercising plan supervisors of the Salvation Army have suggested that an exercising plan manual be created to supply a construction for future plans to heighten sustainability. We created an exercising manual with exposures, exercising forms, and stretches from our plan. A manual of this kind will be a sufficient resource for a replacement to understand and administrate. See Appendix Workout Manual To assist mensurate the sustainability of our exercising plan, we will roll up informations utilizing a likert graduated table to measure participant satisfaction and likeliness of engagement in the hereafter. In add-on, we will give a study to find what the participants liked or disliked about the plan. Undertaking Execution Community Partner We plan to work with the Salvation Army of La Crosse, Wisconsin to supply an exercising plan for persons of low SES. The Salvation Army provides repasts, shelter, occupation chances, and several other services for those in demand. Partnering with the Salvation Army will let us to utilize an accessible installation with a secondary school for our exercising category. It will besides assist us derive entree to the persons of low socioeconomic position who utilize the Salvation Army. See Appendix Salvation Army of La Crosse Contact Information Target Group Our mark group will dwell of grownup occupants and frequenters of the Salvation Army every bit good as any other community members who wish to take part in our plan. We will enroll participants by traveling to the Salvation Army in January 2013 to speak to the frequenters about our exercising plan to get down edifice involvement. Once we begin our plan we will eat repasts with the persons at the Salvation Army to acquire to cognize them and to get down constructing resonance to ease enlisting. We besides have arranged to work together with a Viterbo Nursing Program enterprise at the Salvation Army to help in advancing our plan. Finally, we will go to the Salvation Army ‘s compulsory hebdomadal occupation in-service meeting for its frequenters to educate and enroll participants for the plan. If these methods are unsuccessful, we will advance our exercising plan through the usage of circulars at pro bono clinics in the country, such as St. Clare ‘s Health Mission, in order to enroll persons of low SES for our exercising plan. See Appendix Health and Wellness Brochure Incentives We plan to utilize free jerseies as an inducement to take part for our plan. Incentive-based wellness publicities plans have been shown to increase fitness-related activities over time.22 Participants in our plan who attend 50 % or more of our categories over the 10-week continuance of our plan will have a free jersey. The cost of 25 jerseies is about $ 250. We will seek any possible contributions or price reductions on the jerseies by informing the provider of our intended usage for the shirts. We will besides be inquiring for contributions on day-to-day usage points ( shampoo, deodourant, socks, etc. ) from local concerns such as Wal-mart and K-mart to utilize as inducements throughout our plan. Activity Plan We plan to get at the Salvation Army on Monday February 4, 2013 at 4:30 p.m. to get down speaking with the frequenters about our plan. We will eat dinner from 4:30 p.m. to 5:10 p.m. and recruit participants for our plan through conversation. We will clean up the multi-purpose from 5:10 p.m. to 5:15p.m. Our exercising plan will run from 5:20 p.m. to 6:05 p.m. with clean-up from 6:05 p.m. to 6:15 p.m. This consequences in a sum of 1 hr and 45 of face clip for each category and 3.5 entire hours per hebdomad. Over the class of the 10 hebdomad plan we will hold completed 35 hours of face clip at the Salvation Army ( See Appendix Salvation Army Activity Plan Schedule ) . Our end is to make an exercising manual that is comparatively easy to learn and execute so that voluntaries at the Salvation Army can run the plan with comparative easiness. Besides, by making a exercise manual with one modus operandi of exercisings, the participants can larn and execute the exercisings outside of the Salv ation Army one time they no longer use the services of the Salvation Army. Our exercising plan will dwell of both aerophilic and strengthening constituents. The strength and aerophilic parts of our plan will dwell of 30 proceedingss of theraband, organic structure weight opposition, and assorted exercisings aiming the whole organic structure. Both constituents of the plan will dwell of exercisings that can be easy progressed or regressed to run into the assorted degrees of fittingness of our participants. We will get down our exercising plan with a 5 minute warm up of walking and dynamic stretching, and will reason with a 10 minute cool down of walking and stretching Resource Plan A ; Budget The Salvation Army allows us to utilize a installation that is free of cost to us and the participants of our plan. As antecedently mentioned, we will utilize jerseies and day-to-day necessities as inducements. Cost of these and other possible supplies for our plan are listed in the tabular array below. Item Cost Jerseies $ 250 Daily necessity Items Contributions Cleaning supplies ( perchance ) $ 20 Plants Cited American Physical Therapy Association. Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 2nd Edition. APTA: Alexandria, VA ; 2003. Topic and Objectives Index- Physical Activity. US Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.healthypeople.gov/2020/default.aspx. Accessed Sep 17, 2012. Thompson W, Gordon N, Pescatello L, eds. ACSM ‘s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 8th erectile dysfunction. Wolters Kluwer/ Lippincott WIlliams A ; Wilkins ; 2010. Surveillance of Certain Health Behaviors and Conditions Among States and Selected Local Areas — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ( BRFSS ) , United States, 2006. MMWR: Morbidity A ; Mortality Weekly Report. 2008 ; 57 ( SS-7 ) :1-187. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Physical Activity and Health- A study from the Surgeon General. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/sgr/pdf/chap6.pdf. Accessibility verified November 1, 2012. Healthiest Wisconsin 2020 Focus Areas. Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //dhs.wisconsin.gov/hw2020/ . Accessed September 26, 2012. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Facts about Physical Activity. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/data/facts.html. Reviewed August 7, 2012. Accessed September 26, 2012. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. State Indicator Report on Physical Activity. 2010.http: //www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/downloads/PA_State_Indicator_Report_2010.pdf. Accessed September 25, 2012. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Diabetes and Obesity Rate by County hypertext transfer protocol: //diabetes-obesity.findthedata.org/d/d/Wisconsin. Accessed September 25, 2012. Patel A, Bernstein L, Thun M, et Al. Leisure Time Spent Siting in Relation to Total Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of US Adults. Am. J. Of Epidemiol. 2010 ; 172 ( 4 ) :419-429.A 11. ) Andrea KM, Sandler RB, Cauley JA, Laporte R E, Hom DL, Pambianco G. The appraisal of historical physical activity and its relation to adult bone parametric quantities. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1988 ; 127 ( 5 ) :1053-1063. 12. ) Milanovic Z, Pantelic S, Trajkovic N, Sporis G, Aleksandrovic M. The effects of physical exercising on cut downing organic structure weight and organic structure composing of corpulent centers aged people. Healthmed. 2012 ; 6 ( 6 ) :2176-2189. 13. ) Steyn K, Damasceno A, Disease and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2nd edition. Jamison DT, Feachem RG, Makgoba MW, et al. , editors. Washington ( DC ) : World Bank ; 2006. 14. ) Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of fleshiness in the United States, 2009-2010. NCHS information brief, no 82. Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics. 2012. 15. ) Davies C, Vandelanotte C, Duncan M, Van Uffelen J. Associations of physical activity and screen-time on wellness related quality of life in grownups. Am. J. Prev. Med. 2012 ; 55 ( 1 ) :46-49. 16. ) Trost SG, Owen N, Bauman AE, et Al. Correlates of grownup ‘s engagement in physical activity reappraisal and update. Med. Sci. Sports. Exerc. 2002 ; 34:1996-2001. 17. ) Ford E, Merritt R, Haile G, et Al. Physical activity behaviours in lower and higher socioeconomic position populations. Am. J. Epidemiology. June 15, 1991 ; 133 ( 12 ) :1246-1256. 18. ) Oman RF, King AC. Predicting the acceptance and care of exercising engagement utilizing self-efficacy and old exercising engagement rates. Am. J. Health Prom. 1998 ; 12:154-161. 19. ) Hagger M, Chatzisarantis N, Biddle S. A meta-analytic reappraisal of the theories of sound action and planned behaviour in physical activity: prognostic cogency and the part of extra variables. J. Sport A ; Ex. Psych. 2002 ; 24 ( 1 ) :3-32. 20. ) VanKim N, Laska M. Socioeconomic disparities in emerging grownup weight and weight behaviours. Am. J. Health Behav. 2012 ; 36 ( 4 ) :433-445. 21. ) Droomers M, Schrijvers CTM, Mackenbach JP. Educational degree and lessenings in leisure clip physical activity: forecasters from the longitudinal GLOBE survey. J Epidemiol. Community Healt. 2001 ; 55:562-568. 22. ) Patel D, Lambert E, Gaziano T, et Al. Engagement in Fitness-Related Activities of an Incentive-Based Health Promotion Program and Hospital Costss: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. Amer. J. Healt. Prom. 2011 ; 25 ( 5 ) :341-348. 23. ) Leslie E, Owen N, Salmon J, Bauman A, Sallis JF, Lo SK. Insufficiently active Australian college pupils: perceived personal, societal, and environmental influences. Prev. Med. 1999 ; 28:20-27. 24. ) Eyler AA, Brownson RC, Donatelle RJ, King AC, Brown D, Sallis JF. Physical activity societal support and middle- and older-aged minority adult females: consequences from a US study. Soc. Sci. Med. 1999 ; 49:871-789. 25. ) Booth M, Owen N, Bauman A, Clavisi O, Leslie E. Social-cognitive and perceived environment influences associated with physical activity in older Australians. Prev. Med. 2000 ; 31:15-22. 26. ) King AC, Castro S, Wilcox AA, Eyler JF, Sallis C, Brownson RC. Personal and environmental factors associated with physical inaction among different racial-ethnic groups of US middle-aged and older aged grownups. Health Psychol. 2000 ; 19:354-364. 27. ) Bandura A. Social foundations of idea and action: A societal cognitive theory. Prentice-Hall series in societal acquisition theory. Rockville, MD: Prentice-Hall, Inc. ; 1986. 28. ) Lowenstein AJ, Foord L, Romano JC. Teaching Schemes for Health Education and Health Promotion: Working with Patients, Families, and Communities. 1st erectile dysfunction. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers ; 2008. 29. ) Lamb, Bartlett, Ashley, Bird. Can Lay-led Walking Programs Increase Physical Activity in Middle Aged Adults? A Randomized Control Trial. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002 Apr ; 56 ( 4 ) :246-52. 30. ) Isaacs AJ, Critchley JA, Tai SS, Buckingham K, Westley D, Harridge SDR, Smith C, Gottlieb JM. Exercise Evaluation Randomized Trial ( EXERT ) : a randomised test comparing GP referral for leisure centre-based exercising, community-based walking and advice merely. Health Technol Assess. 2007 ; 11 ( 10 ) :1. 31. ) Dallow CB, Anderson. Using self-efficacy and a transtheoretical theoretical account to develop a physical activity intercession for corpulent adult females. AJHP. 2003 ; ( 17 ) :373-381. 32. ) Holloway A, Watson HE. Role of Self-Efficacy and Behavior Change. IJNP. 2002 ; ( 8 ) :106-115. 33. ) Marcus B, Selby V, Niaura R, Rossi J. Self-efficacy and the phases of exercising behaviour alteration. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 1992 ; 63 ( 1 ) :60-66. 34. ) U.S. Government Printing Office. Physical Activity. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action? collectionCode. Accessed September 26, 2012. 35. ) Turner RJ, Lloyd DA. The emphasis procedure and the societal distribution of depression. J Health Soc Behav. 1999 ; 40:374-404. 36. ) Resnick B, Jenkins L. Testing the Reliability and Validity of the Self-Efficacy for Exercise Scale. Nurs. Res. 2000 ; 49 ( 3 ) :154-159. 37. ) Andersen L, Groenvold M, Jorgensen T, Aadahl M. Construct cogency of a revised Physical Activity Scale and proving by cognitive interviewing. Scand. J. Public Healt. 2010 ; 38 ( 7 ) :707-714. 38. ) Wojcicki T, White S, McAuley E. Assessing result outlooks in older grownups: the multidimensional result outlooks for exercising graduated table. J. Of Gerontol. Series B: Psyc. Sci. A ; Soc. Sci. 2009 ; 64B ( 1 ) :33-40. How to cite Increasing Physical Activity In Adults Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Sir Christopher Wren free essay sample

The difficulty in restoring the Cathedral standing in Wrens way was the Clergy, which had to approve his designs, but Wren found a way around the Clergys watchful eye. Wren had to come up with a new design for St. Pauls. He also had to do so for about 51 other churches in the area, but the cathedral was his focus (Sir Christopher Wren, 2010). The design for the church had to be approved by the Clergy, and they were very picky with what they wanted. The first design he gave them is schematically similar to the original old church, but the Clergy wanted it to be different.So the second design he submitted was radically different, the Clergy rejected that too, the reason they gave is his design is religiously just too radical. Wrens design is referring to Greek Christians Cross with a massive dome on the end, and a small spire. We will write a custom essay sample on Sir Christopher Wren or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Clergy approved the third design, after Wren had to submit under the Clergies constraints to the design, Wren asks Charles III for some help to give him Architectural freedom, and Wren received permission to make variations, ornamental rather than essential changes to the design. Charles III grant Wren extensively uses throughout the construction of the new cathedral. Wren secretly worked around the clergy politics he simply hides the construction using extra scaffolding the clergy could not see the changes until near completion. It has been said that Wren stood up on the scaffolding covering the paneling; that could not be seen from either side. Wren makes numerous changes to the design of the approved cathedral, almost all of the essential details changes or exaggerated. Wren had to hide all of his changes with scaffolding used as a screen from the Clergy, if Wren is discovered changing the design to the cathedral, Wren would have most certainly been fired from the project.Wrens trick is he kept it a secret so well the help of Charles III, had the clergy discovered it was too far along in the construction. If they wanted to undo all the changes, it would have cost them a fortune forced the Clergy to stay with the changes Wren makes. The major changes made by Wren in the design were the addition of two towers at the West end, and he made the dome much larger and removed the spire. Other changes he made were in the naive the removal of three bays’ and a raised the aisles ceiling. The Hierarchical Domes construction is so large that it is the second largest dome in the world; it mimics Romes St Peters Dome.The Dome, from its cross at the peak, to its summit, stands at 365 feet, representing each day of the year (Saint Pauls Cathedral, 2010). The large exterior serves no structural purpose its apex resting on an interior cone a circular base at the frame sits on a channel base with metal balls to combats movement eradicating cracks occurred in stresses. Architecturally; St. Pauls Cathedral is a combination of several distinguishing parts of different historical buildings, the material made from Portland stone and features a stunning facade a medley of Renaissance and Baroque styles. The main space of the St. Pauls Cathedral description is one of the most interesting examples of European architecture in this time. Hampton Court Palace is a later renovation project. Wren developed his design strongly influenced other designers, as is apparent from the style of English vernacular building throughout the eighteenth century. His design is a based on symmetry the arrangements in windows, doors enhance a repetition to small variations to produce a line that leads to a Hierarchical center piece seen in the cathedral dome, in the palace at the south front wall a Central facade in white stone contrasts to the pink brick toned to pale Portland stone.The second floor separated with a white brick band in proportion to the effect from the enhanced round decorated white window’s, the resulting effect using contrasting color in the masonry notably raises the visitor’s eyebrows (Sporre, 2009). The Renaissance transition Period is the basis in thinking toward the future styles in Architectur e just as philosophers began to think in other directions considering many theories Architects used echniques in art, science, and mathematics to construct or revamp styles considered beyond the current architectural fashions. Wren used these techniques in this new thinking era in the development of London new city encouraged by a greater expansion of the towns that took place during the late 17th and early 18th centuries. A new enhanced roads system, a growing merchant class, and increased security meant rapidly spreading suburbs. The old towns start rebuilding modernized and extended..In conclusion these late Renaissance Architects shaped today’s Architectural industry forming societies and began the instillation in a new Architectural learning structure, at that time Architecture is a scientist, mathematician’s hobby no formal Architectural education is starting in a formed structure in learning establishments. The construction industry gained valuable information from the past periods of the Renaissance and that of the Ages of Baroque period are a valuable insight in unlocking the techniques these Architects used to invent the theories behind the solutions to their problems.

Mythology Zeus and Achilles free essay sample

However, despite all their strength and authority, neither Zeus nor Achilles appears capable of eschewing or defying the omnipresent power that holds more sway than them: fate. Sans doubt, once a human is dealt his hand, there is nothing that he can humanly do in order to prevent his fate. As for the gods, with all their power and independence, they are still undeniably bound by the hands of fate. Fate is a peculiar phenomenon in that it has no limitations, yet it is a fixed occurrence that does not change over time or through the progression of different events that may influence it. Powerful men and gods such as Achilles and Zeus may do as their hearts and minds desire, because there is no one who can stop or defy them. Thus, the role of fate becomes clear, since fate is without desire or mind; its existence is to curb the ridiculous and emotional wishes of powerful beings who cannot be stopped otherwise. We will write a custom essay sample on Mythology: Zeus and Achilles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fundamentally, there is no god or man stronger or more powerful than Zeus; he is capable of doing whatever he wants, whenever he pleases. Given this omnipotent ability, all his desires should become immediate manifestations, yet this would only lead to chaos due to the lack of limitations on freedom. There are multiple times during the events of The Iliad that begin with Zeus seriously contemplating using his unlimited power to fulfill his desires yet ultimately ends in his freedom being restricted by fate. In one scene, Patroclus in a blaze of raw magnificence and strength is battling Sarpedon, the son of Zeus. It becomes apparent that the mightier and glory-driven Patroclus will overpower and kill Sarpedon. Zeus is obviously most distressed and sorrowfully states, â€Å"My cruel fate†¦my Sarpedon, the man I love the most, my own son-doomed to die at the hands of Meoetius’ son Patroclus. My heart is torn in two as I try to weigh all this. Shall I pluck him up, now, while he’s still alive and set him down in the rich green land of Lycia, far from the war at Troy and all its tears? † (Iliad 16. 514-520) It is apparent than Zeus could have easily saved Sarpedon in numerous ways, yet he cannot defy the fate of the doomed Sarpedon. In another scene, almost identical to the first, Zeus laments the ill-fate of Hector as he is chased by the vengeful Achilles: â€Å"Unbearable-a man I love, hunted round his own city walls and right before my eyes. My heart grieves for Hector†¦Come, you immortals, think this through. Decide. Either we pluck the man from death and save his life or strike him down at last, here at Achilles’ hands-for all his fighting heart† (Iliad 22. 201-209). Once again, Zeus begins with the desire to save Hector from the enraged Achilles, but he is reminded by Athena of the hand of fate that has been drawn for Hector. In order to remind Zeus of Hector’s fate, Athena protests, â€Å"Father! Lord of the lightning, king of the black cloud, what are you saying? A man, a mere mortal, his doom sealed long ago? † (Iliad 22. 211-214) Upon hearing her objections, Zeus halts his urge to save Hector and realizes that he cannot challenge fate, unless he wants to create total chaos among the gods of Olympus. On the human side, there is the swift runner Achilles who is revered as the greatest warrior amongst the Achaeans. In battle, he is fearless and unmatched; his presence alone sways the very tide of the war. Granted that he is a match for any Trojan soldier and could simply win the war for the Achaeans, his freedom is still restricted by his destiny. When the Achaeans are being routed time and time again by the Trojans, Agamemnon sends an embassy of his finest men in order to persuade Achilles to rejoin the Achaeans in fighting the Trojans. Achilles adamantly refuses the offer and reveals his fate to the embassy: â€Å"Mother tells me, the immortal goddess Thetis with her glistening feet, that two fates bear me on the day of death. If I hold out here and I lay siege to Troy, my journey home is gone, but my glory never dies. If I voyage back to the fatherland I love, my pride, my glory dies†¦true, but the life that’s left me will be long, the stroke of death will not come on me quickly† (Iliad 9. 498-505). Undoubtedly, the prophecy that Achilles receives from his mother weighs heavily upon him. Although he is given the unique opportunity in choosing his fortune, neither option is wholly desirable or undesirable. Consequently, for a large portion f The Iliad, his fickleness with his fates cripples him and renders him paralyzed from being the mighty, unconstrained warrior that he is known and meant to be. Moreover, when the death of his beloved friend Patroclus rouses Achilles to arms, he is deterred by fate from carrying out his impulse to sack the city of Troy. Zeus plots with the other gods to prevent the enraged Achilles from annihilating Troy and rationalizes his decision by stating, â€Å" If Achilles fights the Trojans-unopposed by us-not for a moment will they hold his breakneck force. Even before now they’d shake to see him coming. Now, with his rage inflamed for his friend’s death, I fear he’ll raze the walls against the will of fate† (Iliad 20. 32-36). It is not fated for Achilles to sack the city of Troy; therefore, the gods convened to prevent him from opposing his fate. Moreover, this fate coincides with the original prophecy that his mother told him: if he stayed in Troy and fought, he would gain eternal glory but would die in the battlefields of Troy. In my own opinion, I believe Homer wisely uses the device of fate as a regulator of the limitless power of Zeus and Achilles. Without fate to check their sometimes emotional desires or impulses, the epic of The Iliad would be a ridiculous story that tells of nothing more than the infinite power of two men who do whatever they please and cause chaos in the trail of their emotional whims. Luckily, there is the aspect of fate which adds a sense of organization to the plot. The fact that the two powerful men are constrained by fate does not make them any less powerful, but rather, exemplifies their determination to carry out their desires despite the fate they have been handed. -Paper by LucSilverz